Luxembourg is a small, landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Its history is rich and complex, with roots dating back to Roman times. In the middle ages, Luxembourg was ruled by various feudal lords and played a strategic role in conflicts between neighboring kingdoms. The House of Luxembourg produced several Holy Roman Emperors. Later, the country passed to the Habsburgs, the Spanish, and eventually to French control under Napoleon. In the 19th century, Luxembourg gained independence, albeit under a personal union with the Netherlands. Following the Treaty of London in 1867, Luxembourg was recognized as an independent and neutral state. However, both World Wars greatly impacted the country, undergoing German occupation in both conflicts. After World War II, Luxembourg became one of the founding members of the European Union and transformed into a prosperous, modern nation known for its strong financial sector, steel industry, and commitment to European integration.
