Qing-Dutch forces attempt to invade Taiwan

The Qing-Dutch forces made two attempts to invade Taiwan, motivated by the desire to eliminate the remaining Zheng forces that had retreated to the island after losing ground on the mainland. The first attempt occurred in December, followed by a second attempt shortly thereafter. Both invasions were hindered by adverse weather conditions, which significantly impacted their operational capabilities. The Qing dynasty, seeking to consolidate its power and eliminate the Zheng threat, collaborated with the Dutch, who had their own interests in establishing control over Taiwan. The failure of these invasions underscored the challenges faced by foreign powers in the region and highlighted the strategic importance of Taiwan during this period of conflict. The Zheng forces, having retreated to Taiwan, continued to pose a challenge to Qing authority, leading to ongoing military engagements in the following years.