Victor Hugo's speech against death penalty

Victor Hugo, a prominent novelist and member of Parliament, dedicated much of his life to advocating for the abolition of the death penalty. His literary work, particularly 'The Last Day of a Condemned Man,' published in 1829, provides a profound exploration of the psychological torment experienced by individuals awaiting execution. This narrative not only highlights the inhumane aspects of capital punishment but also serves as a reflection of Hugo's moral stance against such practices. Throughout his career, Hugo maintained a consistent message against the death penalty, which he viewed as a barbaric form of punishment. His diary, 'Things Seen,' contains numerous entries that articulate his condemnation of capital punishment and its implications for society. In a notable speech delivered to the Assembly, Hugo urged lawmakers to abolish the death penalty, stating, 'You have overthrown the throne. ... Now overthrow the scaffold.' This powerful rhetoric underscored his belief that a just society must reject such extreme measures of punishment. Hugo's advocacy had a tangible impact on the legal landscape regarding capital punishment. His efforts contributed to the removal of the death penalty from the constitutions of several countries, including Geneva, Portugal, and Colombia. The influence of his writings and speeches extended beyond France, inspiring movements for reform in various parts of the world. The abolition of the death penalty has been a significant topic in human rights discussions, and Hugo's contributions remain relevant in contemporary debates about justice and morality. His legacy as a champion of human rights continues to resonate, as societies grapple with the ethical implications of capital punishment and the broader quest for humane treatment of individuals within the justice system.