King Fahd announces the "Basic System of Government" emphasising the duties and responsibilities of a ruler.

King Fahd of Saudi Arabia made a landmark announcement regarding the "Basic System of Government," a foundational legal framework that delineated the duties and responsibilities of the Saudi ruler and the rights of citizens. This proclamation also included the proposal to establish a Consultative Council (Majlis al-Shura), marking a significant step towards formalizing governance structures within the Kingdom. Historical Context Saudi Arabia, established in 1932 by King Abdulaziz Al Saud, traditionally operated without a formal constitution, relying on Islamic law (Sharia) and royal decrees to govern. By the late 20th century, internal and external pressures necessitated a more structured approach to governance. The Gulf War of 1990-1991, regional instability, and calls for political reform and modernization contributed to King Fahd's decision to introduce the Basic System of Government. The Basic System of Government The Basic System of Government, often referred to as the "Basic Law," is not a constitution in the Western sense but rather a codification of existing principles and practices, rooted in Islamic tradition. It consists of nine parts and 83 articles that outline the framework for governance, including the powers of the king, the structure of the government, and the rights and duties of citizens. Key Provisions: Foundation and Governance: The system emphasizes that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its religion, the Quran and the Sunnah (traditions of the Prophet Muhammad) as its constitution. The government is based on justice, consultation (Shura), and equality according to Islamic law. Role of the King: The king is the head of state, the supreme commander of all military forces, and the symbol of unity and leadership. His responsibilities include implementing Islamic law, ensuring the country's security, and protecting its interests. Rights and Duties of Citizens: The law guarantees the protection of human rights in accordance with Islamic law. It underscores the duty of citizens to adhere to the laws, pay taxes, and defend the country. The Consultative Council (Majlis al-Shura) One of the most significant aspects of the Basic Law was the establishment of the Consultative Council (Majlis al-Shura). This council is intended to provide advice and counsel to the king on matters of policy and governance, embodying the principle of Shura (consultation) which is a fundamental aspect of Islamic governance. Structure and Function: Initially composed of 60 members appointed by the king, the council's membership has since expanded to 150 members. Members are chosen based on their expertise and experience in various fields, including education, law, economics, and science. The council has the authority to propose new laws, amend existing ones, and provide oversight on governmental agencies. While the council’s recommendations are not binding, its establishment marked a move towards more inclusive and consultative governance. Significance and Impact The introduction of the Basic System of Government and the establishment of the Majlis al-Shura represented a significant development in the political evolution of Saudi Arabia. It was an attempt to balance the traditional Islamic governance model with the demands of a modern state. This move aimed to enhance stability, improve governance, and address the aspirations of a rapidly modernizing society. Legacy King Fahd's reforms laid the groundwork for further modernization and reforms under subsequent rulers. The Basic Law remains a central document guiding the governance of Saudi Arabia. The Majlis al-Shura has gradually increased its role and influence, providing a platform for more structured and systematic governance. #MomentsOfLife #MoofLife_Moment #MoofLife #SaudiArabia #BasicLaw #KingFahd #MajlisAlShura #Governance #PoliticalReform