Construction of Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque

The construction of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem marks a significant chapter in Islamic architecture and religious history. Initiated by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) and later completed by his son al-Walid I (r. 705–715), these structures symbolize the religious centrality of Jerusalem in Islam. The Dome of the Rock, often mistakenly referred to as a mosque, is actually a shrine and is recognized as the oldest extant Islamic monument in the world. Its original function and significance remain subjects of scholarly debate. Abd al-Malik's focus on Palestine was driven by Jerusalem's pivotal role as a transit zone between Syria and Egypt, leading him to invest in infrastructure, including the construction and repair of roads connecting these regions. This is evidenced by the discovery of seven milestones throughout the area, highlighting the importance of Jerusalem during the Umayyad period. The architectural grandeur of both the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque continues to attract visitors and scholars alike, serving as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of the Islamic world.