Population Estimate of Ottoman Empire

The population estimate of the Ottoman Empire during the early 16th century was approximately 11,692,480. This figure was derived from an analysis of household counts recorded in the Ottoman tithe registers, where the number of households was multiplied by a factor of five to arrive at the total population estimate. This method provided a systematic approach to understanding the demographic landscape of the empire at that time. However, it is noted that the population in the 18th century experienced a decline compared to the 16th century, although the reasons for this decrease remain unclear. The first official census conducted in the empire took place in 1831, yielding an estimate of 7,230,660. This figure is widely regarded as a serious undercount, as the primary purpose of the census was to identify potential conscripts for military service rather than to provide a comprehensive demographic overview. The discrepancies in population estimates over the centuries highlight the challenges in accurately assessing the population dynamics of the Ottoman Empire, influenced by various social, economic, and political factors.