Beginning of French colonization in Ivory Coast.
| Colonial Economic Change |
Updated By: History Editorial Network (HEN)
Published:
5 min read
In the late 19th century, French expansion into West Africa intensified, with significant implications for the region now known as Ivory Coast. France sought to extend its influence and control over this area, driven by both economic interests and geopolitical strategy. Before French colonization, the region was home to diverse ethnic groups, including the Akan, Gur, and Mande peoples, who managed rich agricultural lands and were engaged in extensive trade networks across West Africa.
The French approach to colonization involved a combination of diplomatic negotiations and military expeditions. Initially, treaties of protection were signed with local chiefs, who exercised considerable influence over their territories. These treaties often promised protection in exchange for allowing French presence and influence. However, resistance from various groups required France to mount several military campaigns, culminating in the establishment of firm control over the territory.
Under colonial rule, the French imposed administrative changes and introduced a new economic system. They implemented a cash-crop economy, primarily focusing on cocoa and coffee production. Infrastructure, including roads and railways, was developed to facilitate the extraction and export of these goods. However, these changes disrupted traditional economic practices and led to the exploitation of the local labor force.
The health, education, and social structures of the communities were also significantly affected. The French administration established schools and introduced Western education, but access to these institutions was limited. Health services were provided primarily to benefit European settlers, and indigenous people often faced neglect.
The colonization had far-reaching cultural impacts, with French language and customs being imposed, leading to lasting changes in the social fabric of Ivory Coast. Despite these challenges, resistance and adaptation among the local populations persisted, shaping the region's eventual path to independence.
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Primary Reference: Ivory Coast profile - Timeline - BBC News

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