End of the Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War was a protracted conflict between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies, which fundamentally altered the landscape of ancient Greece. The war was characterized by a series of battles, shifting alliances, and significant military strategies that showcased the strengths and weaknesses of both sides. The conflict stemmed from growing tensions between the Athenian Empire, which had expanded its influence across the Mediterranean, and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, which sought to curb Athenian power. The war unfolded in several phases, including the Archidamian War, the Sicilian Expedition, and the Ionian or Decelean War, each contributing to the eventual outcome. The protracted nature of the war drained resources, diminished populations, and led to widespread suffering among the Greek city-states, ultimately culminating in the defeat of Athens.