Cyrus Succession and Cambyses II Rise

Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, passed away, leading to the succession of his eldest son, Cambyses II. Cambyses inherited a vast empire that included territories in Asia Minor, the Levant, and parts of Central Asia, where his younger brother Bardiya was granted control. Under Cambyses' leadership, the Persian Empire expanded significantly. He successfully subdued Phoenicia and Cyprus, which were crucial for establishing Persian naval power. This naval strength was instrumental as Cambyses prepared for a major military campaign against Egypt, a significant power in the region. The political landscape in Egypt was unstable following the death of Pharaoh Amasis II, which resulted in the ascension of Psamtik III. This transition weakened Egypt's alliances, making it more vulnerable to external threats, particularly from Persia. The invasion of Egypt culminated in the Battle of Pelusium, where Cambyses' forces faced Psamtik III's army. The battle was decisive, with the Persians emerging victorious, leading to the capture of Psamtik III. Following his defeat, Psamtik attempted to rally support for a revolt but ultimately chose to take his own life. The conquest of Egypt marked a pivotal moment in Cambyses II's reign, solidifying Persian dominance in the region and expanding the empire's influence. This expansion not only increased the wealth and resources available to the Persian Empire but also set the stage for further conquests in Africa and beyond, establishing a legacy that would influence the course of history in the ancient world.