Kangxi Emperor's Orders to Invade Taiwan

The Kangxi Emperor's orders to invade Taiwan were issued to commanders Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang. The initial attempt to execute these orders faced significant challenges, as the invasion fleet encountered unfavorable winds, which forced them to turn back. This setback highlighted the difficulties of maritime operations during this period. Following this, internal conflict arose between the two commanders, leading to Yao Qisheng's removal from command in November. Subsequently, Shi Lang was appointed as the supreme commander, while Yao was assigned to logistical support. Despite the change in leadership, subsequent attempts to sail to Penghu in early 1683 were also unsuccessful due to shifting winds, further delaying the invasion plans. These events underscored the complexities of military campaigns in the region and the impact of environmental factors on naval operations.