Peru Adopts New Liberal Democratic Constitution

In 1993, Peru adopted a new constitution that established a liberal democratic system. This constitution replaced the previous one, which had leaned towards a federation and granted more power to the president. The new constitution created a unitary republic where the central government holds the most power and can create administrative divisions. The Peruvian system of government combines elements from the political systems of the United States, such as a written constitution, an autonomous Supreme Court, and a presidential system, and the People's Republic of China, including a unicameral congress and a premier and ministry system. The government is separated into three branches: the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary. The president of Peru is both the head of state and government, elected to a five-year term without immediate reelection. The president appoints ministers who oversee the 18 ministries of the state, including the prime minister. The Congress of Peru can pass motions of no confidence, censure ministers, and initiate impeachments. The legislative branch can impeach the president without cause, making the executive branch subject to Congress. The most recent general election was held on 11 April 2021, resulting in Free Peru winning the most seats in Congress, and a presidential runoff on 5 June 2021 resulted in the victory of Pedro Castillo.