Operation Just Cause was initiated as a response to the deteriorating political situation in Panama

The Operation Just Cause was initiated as a response to the deteriorating political situation in Panama, where the regime was struggling to maintain control. The United States launched the invasion on December 20, with the primary objectives of protecting American citizens, restoring democracy, and capturing General Manuel Noriega, the Panamanian leader. The operation concluded with the withdrawal of US troops on December 27, having achieved its military goals. However, the invasion resulted in substantial civilian casualties, with estimates ranging from 300 to 500, raising concerns about the humanitarian impact of the military action. In the aftermath, the US government pledged one billion dollars in aid to Panama, although critics pointed out that much of this financial assistance was directed towards benefiting American businesses rather than addressing the needs of the Panamanian people. This operation marked a pivotal moment in US-Panama relations and highlighted the complexities of foreign intervention in domestic affairs.