Overview of the Current Constitution and Structure of Government Branches Established in 1995

Malawi's current constitution, implemented on 18 May 1995, established a unitary presidential republic that is structured into three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch is headed by the President, who serves as both the Head of State and Head of Government. Alongside the President, there are two Vice Presidents and a Cabinet, with elections for the President and first Vice President occurring every five years. Notably, the second Vice President can be appointed from a different political party, promoting a degree of political diversity within the executive. The legislative branch is represented by a unicameral National Assembly, consisting of 193 members, also elected every five years. Although the constitution provides for a Senate of 80 seats, it has not been established in practice. The independent judicial branch, modeled after the English system, includes a Supreme Court of Appeal, a High Court, an Industrial Relations Court, and various Magistrates Courts. Since gaining independence in 1964, Malawi's judicial system has undergone significant transformations, reflecting the evolving political landscape of the nation. This constitutional framework aims to ensure a balance of power and uphold democratic principles in Malawi's governance.