Magadha Mahajanapada in Southern Bihar

The Magadha Mahajanapada was a prominent kingdom located in what is now southern Bihar, encompassing the modern districts of Patna and Gaya, and extending into parts of Bengal. The kingdom's geographical boundaries were defined by the river Ganges to the north, the river Champa to the east, the Vindhya mountains to the south, and the river Sona to the west. The capital city of Pataliputra emerged as a significant urban center, while the earliest capital was Girivraja, known today as Rajgir, situated in the Nalanda district. This region was historically important as it served as a hub for various religious movements, particularly Jainism and Buddhism. During the time of the Buddha, the kingdom's territory included Anga, highlighting its expansive influence in the region. Magadha played a crucial role in the development of early Indian civilization. It was known for its political and cultural advancements, with Pataliputra becoming a major center of power. The city was referred to by several names, including Magadhapura, Brihadrathapura, Vasumati, Kushagrapura, and Bimbisarapuri, reflecting its rich history. The First Buddhist Council, a significant event in the history of Buddhism, was convened in Rajagaha, further establishing the region's importance in religious discourse. The legacy of Magadha continues to be felt in contemporary Bihar, as it laid the groundwork for subsequent political entities and cultural developments in the Indian subcontinent.