Liechtenstein's Second Witch Trials: Dark History of Persecution and Fear

In the period from 1679 to 1682, Liechtenstein experienced a second series of witch trials, a dark chapter in its history. This wave of persecutions highlighted a pervasive atmosphere of fear and suspicion within the small Alpine principality. Influenced by the broader European witch craze, local authorities in Liechtenstein accused, tried, and executed approximately 100 individuals for witchcraft. The trials were marked by intense scrutiny and the use of torture to elicit confessions. These proceedings were driven by a combination of superstition, social tensions, and a desire to root out alleged malevolent powers deemed responsible for various misfortunes and unexplained events. Accusations often arose from personal vendettas, economic rivalries, or scapegoating in times of hardship. Authorities, comprising local magistrates and community leaders, conducted the trials in a manner reflecting the judicial norms of the time. The accused, predominantly women, were subjected to various forms of torture, including sleep deprivation, physical pain, and psychological pressure. These methods were believed to compel the truth, though they often led to false confessions and widespread panic. The execution of those found guilty was carried out by burning at the stake, a common practice believed to purify the soul and serve as a deterrent to others. The social fabric of Liechtenstein was profoundly affected by these events, instilling a legacy of trauma and caution within the community. The lo