Formation of Greater Lebanon under French mandate in 1920

Following the conclusion of World War I, the map of the Middle East was redrawn. Among the reshaped territories was Lebanon, which became part of the French Mandate. The establishment of the state of Greater Lebanon was a result of geopolitical maneuvers post-Ottoman Empire dissolution. This move marked a new phase in the region's colonial history. Greater Lebanon was demarcated to include Mount Lebanon, Beirut, the Bekaa Valley, and parts of the coastal and southern regions. It was a diverse area, encompassing various religious and ethnic communities including Maronites, Druze, Sunni and Shia Muslims. The French administration aimed to create a Christian-majority entity within the broader Mandate of Syria, responding partially to the demands of Maronite leaders who sought protection from larger Sunni Muslim populations in surrounding regions. This configuration attempted to ensure political stability by catering to different community interests. However, the establishment sparked contention and mixed reactions. Some local leaders welcomed the economic and infrastructural benefits brought by French administration, including improvements in education and public health. Conversely, others resisted foreign rule and the arbitrary borders imposed, concerned that the new boundaries did not respect historical contexts and communal ties. Economically, Greater Lebanon initially relied heavily on agriculture, with major exports including silk and olive oil. Over time, Beirut developed into a significant commercial hub under French influence, fostering trade and education. French language and culture further permeated Lebanese society, influencing its educational framework and administrative structure. The ramifications of this geopolitical development rippled through Lebanese history. The diverse composition set the stage for future political dynamics, characterized by power-sharing among various sectarian groups. This period also laid the groundwork for Lebanon's eventual independence and the complexities of its national identity. #Lebanon #History #FrenchMandate #MiddleEast #Colonialism #StateFormation #Geopolitics #MoofLife