Earliest evidence of cattle herding in South Asia

The earliest evidence of cattle herding in South Asia is found at the Indus River Valley site of Mehrgarh. This archaeological site has provided significant insights into the early agricultural practices of the region. The findings indicate that cattle were domesticated and herded by communities in this area, marking a pivotal development in the subsistence strategies of early South Asian societies. The transition from hunting and gathering to settled agricultural practices, including cattle herding, played a crucial role in shaping the social and economic structures of these communities. The domestication of cattle not only provided a reliable source of food through milk and meat but also contributed to agricultural productivity through the use of cattle for plowing fields. This shift towards pastoralism and agriculture facilitated the growth of more complex societies and trade networks in the region. The genetic studies suggest that the cattle herding practices in South Asia were influenced by gene flow from neighboring regions, particularly from Iran and the Middle East, highlighting the interconnectedness of ancient cultures and economies. The evidence from Mehrgarh underscores the importance of cattle in the development of early civilizations in South Asia, as it laid the foundation for future agricultural advancements and societal changes.