Tolui's Legacy and Lands in Altai Mountains

Tolui, born around 1193, was a prominent figure in the Mongol Empire, being the third son of Genghis Khan. He was granted lands near the Altai Mountains as an appanage, which played a crucial role in the expansion and administration of the empire. The Altai Mountains, located at the intersection of modern-day Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia, provided strategic advantages for the Mongol tribes, including access to trade routes and resources. Tolui's legacy is particularly significant due to his descendants, who continued to shape the course of Mongolian and world history. His sons, Möngke and Kublai, ascended to the throne and ruled over vast territories, while another son, Hulagu, established the Ilkhanate in Persia, further extending the Mongol influence across Asia. The governance and military strategies developed by Tolui and his heirs were instrumental in consolidating Mongol power and facilitating the empire's expansion into new regions.