Forms the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus.
Updated By: History Editorial Network (HEN)
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In 43 BCE, amid the chaos following Julius Caesar’s assassination, Octavian strategically aligned himself with two of Rome's most powerful figures—Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus—to form the Second Triumvirate. This formal political alliance, ratified by the Roman Senate, granted the trio extraordinary powers to restore order and eliminate Caesar’s assassins. Unlike the earlier informal alliances in Roman politics, the Second Triumvirate was a legally binding arrangement that allowed the three men to rule Rome jointly with near-dictatorial authority.
The Triumvirate quickly demonstrated its power through a series of ruthless proscriptions, targeting political enemies and consolidating control. While the alliance was forged out of necessity, tensions simmered beneath the surface, especially between Octavian and Antony. However, at this stage, the unity served their mutual goal of avenging Caesar and stabilizing Rome. This partnership laid the groundwork for Octavian’s eventual domination, as he would later outmaneuver both of his allies in his quest to become the sole ruler of the Roman world.
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Primary Reference: Augustus

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