Traditional date for the founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu

According to early Japanese chronicles, 11/02/660 BCE is traditionally recorded as the date when Emperor Jimmu ascended to the throne, marking the beginning of Japan’s imperial line. This account is preserved in historical texts such as the Kojiki (compiled in 712 CE) and the Nihon Shoki (completed in 720 CE), which document the legendary origins of the Japanese state. The narratives describe Emperor Jimmu as a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, a central figure in Shinto belief. According to these sources, he led an eastern expedition from Kyushu to the Yamato region, where he established his rule at Kashihara, in present-day Nara Prefecture. This event is traditionally considered the foundation of the Japanese imperial institution. While the date and details of Jimmu’s accession are based on later historical and mythological records rather than contemporary evidence, they have played an important role in shaping Japan’s cultural and historical identity. The date of 11 February is observed in modern Japan as National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi), reflecting its continued significance in national tradition. The account of Emperor Jimmu’s accession represents the blending of mythology and early historiography, providing insight into how early Japanese society understood its origins and leadership.