Hyksos Seize Control of Egypt

The Hyksos, a group of Western Asian origin, took control of Egypt and established their capital at Avaris. This takeover led to the retreat of the former central government to Thebes, where the king was relegated to a vassal status, required to pay tribute to the new rulers. The Hyksos adopted many aspects of Egyptian governance and culture, which allowed them to integrate into the existing societal framework. They retained the title of kings and maintained the administrative structures of the Egyptian state, which facilitated their rule over the region. This period marked a significant shift in power dynamics within Egypt, as the Hyksos introduced new technologies and military strategies, including the use of horse-drawn chariots, which transformed warfare in the region. Their reign lasted for several generations, during which they influenced various aspects of Egyptian life, including trade and cultural practices. The eventual expulsion of the Hyksos by native Egyptian rulers led to a resurgence of Egyptian power and the establishment of the New Kingdom, which would become one of the most prosperous periods in ancient Egyptian history. The legacy of the Hyksos is evident in the subsequent developments in Egyptian society, including advancements in military organization and the integration of foreign elements into Egyptian culture.